Search This Blog

Showing posts with label Crime. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Crime. Show all posts

Sunday, April 16, 2017

Valuing Families

I've been fighting political burn out badly these last couple weeks as things continue to trudge on with too many political gaffes and policy blunders to fully account for. I've turned to my safe haven of books for solace. First with "The Next America" which I reviewed just a few days ago and now with Hillary Clinton's infamous "It Takes a Village." I plan to post a full review once I've finished it with the intent of either verifying or debunking much of the propaganda surrounding the book but so far I've only made it through chapter one. There is a particular quote in this early chapter that has inspired today's post:
"A nation that doesn't just espouse family values but values families and children."
This quote has struck home with me as, more than 20 years after the first printing, it seems our government does more and more of the former and far too little of the latter. This is clearly evidenced in the sorry state of our education system and Congress seeking health care reforms that would cause millions to lose their health insurance. We hear plenty about family values, often with "traditional" leading the statement, but let's take the time to flip the coin and ask the question just how do we value families?

To start I want to make sure we're all talking about the same thing when we say families. By families I am referring to people who are bound together by love, blood, and obligation. This includes those with and without children, all ages, races, religions, and genders. A family should be counted regardless of marital status, incorporating single parents, step family, married couples, and cohabiting partners. A family can be as little as two people but has no upper limit as it may come to include extended family and branch through three and even four generations. Even roommates with no romantic entanglement may be considered a family when they rely on each other for support in their daily lives. I would define family in the broadest of terms as two or more people who directly rely on one another for mental, emotional, and physical (including financial) support.

Now, on a governmental level, how should we value families? This can be accomplished by removing barriers and ensuring that every family has equal access to being healthy, safe, and financially secure. Seems simple doesn't it? Most things do when considered in their most general form. The difficulty comes in the details but hopefully this has given us a good starting position to examine what real actions our government should be taking to make this a reality for all Americans.

Health- I've treated the issue of health care in America in a previous post so here I will just attempt to sum things up. The greatest barrier to quality health care in America is financial. To remove this barrier necessitates a complete overhaul of our current system to make sure that any time a citizen needs to go to the doctor, get medication, or have a procedure done they are able to do so without undue financial burden. The government should also be pursuing scientific research to expand our knowledge of the human body, develop new treatments/medications for illnesses, better understand nutrition, and investigate environmental factors that influence human health. Policies and regulations should be written to improve and protect human health to the greatest extent possible.

Safety- This topic has two key elements, prevention and protection. It also has two scopes, domestic and international. International prevention is obtained through building allies, intelligence gathering, and supporting at risk nations to harbor good relationships abroad. International protection comes through direct military action. Domestic prevention takes the form of community building, education, and economic development. Domestic protection takes the form of police/fire services as well as the jail/prison system. Smart domestic policies start by recognizing that prevention is a form of supporting families which leads to a decreased need for protection services. Policies must be formed and action taken to remove the substantial bias, particularly in regards to race, that permeates our criminal justice system. Sentencing must be appropriate to the crime and applied equally to all perpetrators. Action must also be taken to reduce recidivism through education and community support to ensure offenders are given the opportunity to create/reunite their families and become productive members of society.

Financial Security- This topic is related to the two above but also stands on its own. I am not advocating a "welfare for all" system but rather a system that makes sure the basic needs, such as food and shelter, of every American are being met while providing every citizen the ability to achieve  financial success and the American dream. A large part of this can be taken as a "teach a man to fish" style philosophy. When we provide citizens of this country with the highest quality of education, from kindergarten all the way through higher education, we are giving the greatest number of individuals the opportunity to succeed. I would also advocate funding not just Universities and Community Colleges but also quality trade schools and apprenticeship programs to make sure the workers of the future are diversified across all sectors of the economy. Actions to stabilize and grow the economy should be a perennial item on Congress' to do list. We must also learn to be adaptable in the face of a changing economic landscape. As some industries grow and others decay the government must be prepared to transition the nation's workforce instead of clinging to outdated industries until communities collapse under their own weight.

Talking about family values can sometimes be a picture of The Simpson's Helen Lovejoy shouting "Think of the children" but it doesn't have to be. Smart governmental policies protect individuals and families of all types without getting into unnecessary moral quandaries. If politicians were to set their minds solely on valuing families we would come a long way towards improving the everyday lives of Americans across the board.

Sunday, February 12, 2017

Fact Checking Executive Orders

In just a few short weeks our new President has put forth a large collection of executive orders ranging from the mundane to the inflammatory. Today I'd like to recap three of the most recent orders and do a little fact checking on our President's priorities. I've created a synopsis page for all executive orders here for those who are interested. The particular orders I plan to cover today are as follows:

1) Presidential Executive Order on a Task Force on Crime Reduction and Public Safety
2) Presidential Executive Order on Preventing Violence Against Federal, State, Tribal, and Local Law Enforcement Officers
3) Presidential Executive Order on Enforcing Federal Law with Respect to Transnational Criminal Organizations and Preventing International Trafficking

All three of these orders cover topics that should absolutely be a concern of our Federal government. They cover crime reduction, protection of law enforcement, and stopping transnational crime organizations (mafia/cartels) respectively. My dispute with respect to these executive orders is not intent but rather necessity. For some history and facts about executive orders see here. Below I will take a closer look at the three listed executive orders and the facts that may, or may not, have triggered them.

1) Presidential Executive Order on a Task Force on Crime Reduction and Public Safety
This short executive order establishes a "Task Force on Crime Reduction and Public Safety" administered by the Attorney General. The goal is to reduce crime in America, but then isn't that always our goal? This particular order, however, identifies 3 areas to specifically target. They are: illegal immigration, drug trafficking, and violent crime.

Illegal Immigration:
I've already touched briefly on the fact that most illegal immigrants are not, in fact, criminals other than the sole fact of them being present in our country without authorization. But here are some statistics to back things up. I've taken my data from the Homeland Security website on Immigration Data and Statistics. A particular report of interest is the Annual Report on Immigration Enforcement Actions 2014 (published January 2016). Looking at these reports you can find statistics related to the number of people deported from the US who had previous criminal convictions. These numbers have fallen dramatically in the last few years, from 48% in 2012 to 45% in 2013 and finally to just 40% in 2014. However, on closer inspection you will find that of those deported who had previous criminal convictions roughly 31% (2014) of those convictions were for immigration issues. That means that, in 2014, the US deported a little over 100,000 people who had previous criminal convictions not related to immigration. The statistics unfortunately did not separate out violent crimes but did separate some of the most common offenses. Interestingly, dangerous drugs (27,581) had only marginally more convictions than criminal traffic offenses (23,754). To sum up all of these numbers, in 2014 only 27% of those deported had prior criminal convictions that were not related to immigration. As a comparison approximately 25% of US adult citizens have a criminal record. This means that the statistic tracks approximately evenly between citizens and non-citizens suggesting that there is no need to focus specific attention on crimes by illegal immigrants.

Drug Trafficking:
The infamous War on Drugs has been around since the 70s and it is fair to say that this area receives plenty of attention outside of the President's executive order. The reality is that the fight against drugs has stabilized in most areas and in some areas improved dramatically in the last several years. Here are some statistics from the DEA website:

Arrests- have been approximately stable since 2002. Yearly arrests have fluctuated between 28,000 and 32,000. This is down from a high of 41,296 in 1999.
Drug Seizures-
     Cocaine- 33,770 kg in 2014 which is an increase from 2013 but still down significantly from the peak of 118,128 kg in 2005
     Heroin- has been rising sporadically since the mid 90s but has been stable at around 1,000 kg a year since 2011
     Marijuana- has dropped dramatically in the last several years. This may be due to legalization is some states as well as an increase in the acceptance of medical marijuana programs nation wide
     Methamphetamine- rose steadily to a peak in 2012 of 4,813 kg. In the last 2 years the numbers have dropped significantly with seizure of only 2,946 kg in 2014
     Hallucinogens- this area has seen the most radical drop off. From a peak of over 29 million doses in 2000 there were less than 50,000 doses seized in 2014
Drug related deaths- in 2014 there were 49,714 drug induced deaths. This includes both prescription and illegal substances. This is up from 38,329 in 2010. The rise in deaths seems to be specifically linked to Cocaine and Heroin which have also seen increases in seizures in the last few years. (Data available here and here)

Do we have a drug problem? Yes. Are we handling that problem adequately? I would say yes. Drug consumption and, unfortunately, deaths are always going to be a problem. Our government already spends substantial time and money on arrests, seizures, and rehabilitation programs. While it may not be getting better I would deem our drug trafficking situation stable and not in need of special Presidential attention.

Violent Crime:
According to the FBI website "2015 Crime in the United States" ALL crime statistics were down in 2015 compared to 2006, some of them significantly. While violent crimes were up between the 2014 and 2015 statistics they were down in both the 5 and 10 year categories with the 10 year category being down 16.5% Looking at the numbers by year you can see the number of violent crimes decreasing even as our population increases further emphasizing the falling rates of violent crime. Instances of rape are the only place this trend may be overthrown. As the government transitions from a legacy to a revised definition of rape we have seen an increase in rape rates however the statistics for the revised definition only go back to 2013 and so it is difficult to determine a true trend at this time.

2) Presidential Executive Order on Preventing Violence Against Federal, State, Tribal, and Local Law Enforcement Officers
Law enforcement officers put their lives on the line every day in order to protect the general public. It is inherently an unsafe job as you deal with some of the worst that society has to offer. That being said, what is the state of crime against law enforcement in our country? The FBI website has some data on this subject in particular Table 70 will be my reference for this section. This table, however, lacks two statistics that I will provide below based on the numbers available within the table. While it shows the raw number of officers assaulted and what percent of assaults resulted in injury it does not show what percent of officers overall were assaulted or what percent of officers were injured relative to the overall sampling. Here is that data:


With this data you can see that the percentage of assaults on officers seems to be decreasing slowly (from 11.9 to 9.3) while the percent of injuries by assault seems to be holding steady at about 3%. There is nothing to suggest that assaults against police officers are on the rise to make this an urgent Presidential matter.

3) Presidential Executive Order on Enforcing Federal Law with Respect to Transnational Criminal Organizations and Preventing International Trafficking
The FBI website has an entire section devoted to organized crime. This is such a broad category that it was difficult for me to find any relevant statistics to use in an analysis. However, as part of the executive order the President blames cartels on a resurgence of deadly drug abuse and violent crime, both of which I have provided facts for in previous sections of this post. In terms of human trafficking the executive order states that it "risks becoming a humanitarian crisis." This particular phrasing suggests that it may become but is not currently a humanitarian crisis which I would vehemently disagree with. For some statistics on human trafficking in the US see here. Although we do have laws and systems in place to deal with these sorts of crimes this is one area that I will give the President the benefit of the doubt and say that there is a chance that we need more attention in this area.



As stated before, none of these executive orders is asking for our government to take action in an objectionable way. All of these subjects are important aspects of our Federal enforcement. However, it seems to be over blowing the situation to issue an executive order over issues that are already well covered through our normal executive and legislative process. Considering the severe criticism past Presidents have come under for the use of executive orders we must consider why our current President felt it was justified/necessary to issue executive orders so soon after entering office instead of waiting to gain greater insight into the processes already in place. Is he trying to increase the power of his position? Draw attention away from other issues? Or maybe he's just enjoying the power of making proclamations to the American public.